有刷直流电机换向片间短路故障数值仿真分析与实验

微特电机 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 37-41.

有刷直流电机换向片间短路故障数值仿真分析与实验

陈　辰^1,2,徐金燕^1,2,李志鹏^1,2

1. 中国电子科技集团公司第二十一研究所,上海 200233; 2. 中电科机器人有限公司,上海 200233

出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2026-03-27
作者简介:陈辰( 1987—) ,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为微特电机的设计与分析。

Numerical Simulation Analysis and Experiment of Short-Circuit Fault Between Commutator Segments for Aerospace Brush DC Motor

CHEN Chen^1,2,XU Jinyan^1,2,LI Zhipeng^1,2

1. No. 21 Research Institute of CETC,Shanghai 200233,China;
2. China Electronic Technology Robot Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200233,China

Online:2026-03-28 Published:2026-03-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对有刷电机开展了故障模式分析,为得到换向片间短路故障模式下电机的特征量,本文主要对有刷直流电机的电磁场进行了计算和分析,建立了有刷直流电机瞬态电磁场二维求解模型,基于有限元方法分析了电机的电磁场,得到了电机在正常状态不同工况下的电流转速曲线,将仿真值与实测值比较,误差在 5% 以内,验证了所采用方法的准确性和有效性。仿真计算了电机在换向片间短路状态不同工况下的电流转速曲线,得到了有刷电机在发生换向片间短路时电流和转速的特征,即电机电流会出现阶跃上升,转速基本不变。为有刷直流电机在线监测和故障诊断的研究提供支撑,为类似工程应用提供参考。

关键词: 有刷直流电机, 换向片间短路, 瞬态电磁场

Abstract: The analysis of brush motor's fault mode is performed to obtain the motor's characteristic quantity under the short-circuit between commutator segments fault mode. The electromagnetic field of brush DC motor was calculated and analyzed in this paper. A 2D model for calculating the transient electromagnetic field of brush DC motor was established. The electromagnetic field of motor was solved using finite element method. The motor 's current and speed curves under various normal conditions were acquired. The obtained results show great consistencies with the experimental data, with an error within 5%. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method were verified. The current and speed of the motor under different working conditions of short-circuit between commutator segments was calculated by simulation. The characteristics of current
and speed of DC motor in the event of short-circuit between commutator segments was obtained. The motor current will rise stepwise,and the speed will remain basically unchanged. It provides reference for the similar engineering applications.

Key words: brush DC motor, short-circuit between commutator segments, transient electromagnetic field

中图分类号:

TM351

陈　辰, 徐金燕, 李志鹏. 有刷直流电机换向片间短路故障数值仿真分析与实验[J]. 微特电机, 2026, 54(3): 37-41.

CHEN Chen, XU Jinyan, LI Zhipeng. Numerical Simulation Analysis and Experiment of Short-Circuit Fault Between Commutator Segments for Aerospace Brush DC Motor[J]. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 2026, 54(3): 37-41.

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