微特电机 ›› 2019, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 68-71.doi: 1004-7018(2019)05-0068-04

• 生产技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

直流微电机电刷与换向器早期接触失效的常见原因

杨贤军1,王勇2,徐永红1,章应1,刘安利1,何毅1,王昌全1   

  1. 1. 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司金属功能材料分公司,重庆 400702
    2. 重庆大学,重庆 400045
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-25 出版日期:2019-05-28 发布日期:2019-05-23
  • 作者简介:杨贤军(1972—),男,学士,高级工程师,主要从事金属基复合材料、电接触材料、精密合金材料、贵金属材料的研发和产业化工艺技术的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项产业类重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0090)

Common Causes of Contact Failure Between Brush and Commutator of DC Micromotors

YANG Xian-jun1,WANG Yong2,XU Yong-hong1,ZHANG Ying1,LIU An-li1,HE Yi1,WANG Chang-quan1   

  1. 1. Chongqing Chuanyi Metallic Functional Materials Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400702, China
    2. Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045,China
  • Received:2018-10-25 Online:2019-05-28 Published:2019-05-23

摘要:

直流微电机在预期寿命前发生的早期失效常常表现为电刷和换向器的接触失效。对大量具体的失效案例进行了归纳总结,发现常见原因有:严重的电弧侵蚀、严重的机械磨损和环境介质的污染。深入分析表明,压敏电阻的选择、电机的装配质量、换向器加工过程和电机使用或储存环境等方面的缺陷乃是造成接触失效的根源,而电刷和换向器自身的内在质量并无明显作用。

关键词: 直流微电机, 电刷, 换向器, 接触失效, 电弧侵蚀, 磨损, 污染

Abstract:

The early failure of the DC micromotors, which happens before the expected life, appears as the contact failure between the brush and commutator usually. Based on the analyzing results of a large number of failure cases, some common causes have been summarized, which are serious arc erosion, serious mechanical wear and contamination of the environmental media. As revealed by further investigation, such contact failures usually have nothing to do with the metallurgical quality of brush and commutator. Instead, the defects on the choice of voltage dependent resistor, assembly quality of micromotor, machining process of commutator and the application or storage environment of micromotor are the essential factors of the contact failures between brush and commutator.

Key words: DC micromotor, brush, commutator, contact failure, arc erosion, wear, contamination

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