关键词: 永磁同步电机, 匝间短路故障, 有限元模型, 电梯

Abstract: Elevator traction motors experiencing inter-turn short circuit faults exhibit unbalanced winding currents and local hot spots, which significantly degrade operational stability and reliability. To investigate this fault, a mathematical model of the motor under inter-turn short circuit conditions was developed to analyze variations in electromagnetic field distribution and stator flux linkage at different fault severity levels, thereby providing theoretical support for feature extraction. A finite-element model of the traction motor was then constructed for multiple inter-turn short circuit states,and the fault ’ s impact on motor performance was systematically examined. Key performance indicators such as current distribution, harmonic content, and torque ripple were analyzed under both motoring and braking conditions. Simulation results indicate that inter-turn short circuits induce asymmetry in the motor ’ s three-phase inductances and significantly increase the third-harmonic component in the phase currents, thereby exacerbating torque ripple, with a more pronounced effect in the motoring condition. By jointly analyzing the fundamental amplitude and third-harmonic content of the threephase currents,the faulty winding can be preliminarily identified,providing a theoretical basis for early fault detection and localization. Experimental results closely agree with simulation outcomes,validating the accuracy of the finite-element model and the effectiveness of the extracted fault features.

Key words: permanent magnet synchronous motor,inter-turn short circuit fault,finite element model,elevator