关键词: 车床尾置直驱主轴, 永磁电机, 极槽配合, 有限元分析, 优化设计

Abstract: This paper aims to improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors ( PMSM) used in tailmounted direct-drive spindles of lathes,addressing issues such as insufficient dynamic response,high torque ripple,and poor field-weakening performance. The impact of pole-slot combination design on motor performance is analyzed through theoretical derivation and finite element simulation, comparing torque characteristics, field-weakening capability, and efficiency under different pole-slot combinations. Studies have demonstrated that rational selection of pole-slot combinations can significantly optimize motor performance. Specifically,the torque peak of 12-slot 10-pole configuration achieves a cogging torque peak of 2. 5 N · m,representing a 40. 9% reduction compared to the torque peak of 4. 1 N · m for the 72-slot 12-pole scheme. Its torque ripple is 0. 75%,36. 4% lower than the torque ripple of 1. 18% for the 72-slot 12-pole counterpart. Under field-weakening conditions,the 12-slot 10-pole design consumes 26. 8% ~ 32. 8% less current and features a broader highefficiency range. The deviation between prototype test results and simulation data is ≤ 0. 9%,fully meeting the high-precision and high-efficiency requirements of turning-milling compound machine tools. This research provides theoretical basis for directdrive spindle motor design and promotes its application in aerospace,automotive manufacturing,and other fields.

Key words: tail-mounted direct-drive spindle, permanent magnet synchronous motor, pole-slot combination, finite element analysis;optimization design